Recently, Swiss researchers have developed an ingenious model to better plan agricultural development while preserving the environment. This model analyses both socio-economic factors, such as the costs and benefits of agriculture, and agroecological criteria, such as soil quality and ecosystem protection. It offers a strategic solution to meet growing food needs, while warning of the risks of uncontrolled expansion, particularly on the climate and local biodiversity. This model is a valuable tool to help governments, environmental organizations and agricultural stakeholders find a balance between productivity and respect for nature.